China’s Big Stock Market Rally Is Being Fueled by
High-School Dropouts
There’s a story that Joseph Kennedy
sold his stocks on the cusp of the Great Crash of 1929 after a shoe shine boy
shared trading tips with him. If even the shoe polisher is buying stocks, he
reasoned, the market must be riding for a fall.
New data from the China Household
Finance Survey, a large-scale survey of household income and assets headed by
Professor Li Gan of Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, provides
fresh insights into who has been driving the recent rally in China’s markets.
It is not reassuring.
Gan’s survey, which was conducted at
the end of 2014 and covers some 4,000 households across the country, finds that
the biggest new investors in China’s equity markets have below a high school
education and relatively low levels of asset ownership.
More than two thirds of new equity
investors exited the education system by middle school — which in China means
around the age of 15. More than 30 percent exited at age 12 or below. Household
wealth for new investors is about half the level of existing investors.
There was already strong evidence
that the 78 percent surge in China’s equity markets in the past year was driven
by momentum rather than fundamentals. New trading accounts and trading volumes
have soared. Expectations on growth and profits have not.
The new survey data adds to the
impression of a rally fueled by inexperienced retail investors. That doesn’t
mean it can’t be sustained. China has a large population with a substantial
volume of savings and limited alternative investment options. It does mean that
the trajectory of China’s markets will be unpredictable, and prone to sudden
reversals as sentiment shifts.
The survey also highlights the growing
appeal of equities relative to the slumping property sector. For survey
participants with multiple homes, expectations on share prices are markedly
higher than expectations on property. That adds to the evidence that the
speculators who were a major driver of property demand are now steering clear.
In theory, a shift away from
investment in property toward equities is a positive development. China’s
property sector is already oversupplied. As central bank governor Zhou
Xiaochaun has said, rising equity markets make it easier for firms to raise
funds. In practice, an unsustainable rally where retail investors get burned
would do no one any favors.
The survey has better news on labor
markets. The results show unemployment at 4 percent in the fourth quarter, down
from 5.6 percent in the third. The pronounced drop likely reflects seasonal
effects or surveying issues. Seeing through that, the headline assessment that
unemployment is low.
At the National People’s Congress,
Premier Li Keqiang promised additional stimulus if the slowdown in growth
started to dent employment. The latest evidence suggests that condition has not
yet been met.
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